Make Effective Oral Presentationin English free essay sample

However, the final preparation and presentation differ significantly from editing and polishing an essay. An oral presentation consists of three main parts: the introduction, body, and conclusion. Speech is one of the 3 fundamental communication modes. The ability to communicate through effective speaking Is as Important to language skill development as Is the ability to write effectively. To Improve the pronunciation In oral presentations, we need for speech training In English. One way to learn how to pronounce words correctly Is to listen to the way good speakers or English articulate them.In addition, It helps If you create a list of words and practice speaking them aloud. Pronunciation is not about acquiring a native English accent. The primary concern in learning pronunciation skills is to be able to speak clearly so that you are easily understood by the listener or audience. 2. 0 SPEAKING IN A FORMAL ACADEMIC CONTEXT Speaking In a formal academic context Is becoming more Important as teaching methods are trying to Involve students In group works, making presentations, and participating In discussion on academic topics. We will write a custom essay sample on Make Effective Oral Presentationin English or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Making presentations controlling discussions, and listening and note taking, It has a kind of menu where you can choose any area in which you need help or information, e. . In the presentation it shows you how to present a seminar paper and it gives you steps to do your presentation interesting, and not confusing, so you can express to your audience what you can get help considering that English spelling and English pronunciation has a difference.Many students comment that they find working in groups difficult, because they can never contribute new and intelligent ideas to the group, so in speaking in academic context you will find help n working in groups, it mentions that if everyone contribute new ideas, the group would continue to be successful, so here it has some roles that students can follow to be successful in working as a team, for example a successful group needs a leader, someone who can come with good Ideas, and see the practical uses of the other group members Ideas. . 1 Transactional Model of Oral Communication meaning in two or more parties responding to their environment and each other. This model also shows that the elements in communication are interdependent. Each person in the communication act it both a speaker and a listener, and can be simultaneously sending and receiving messages. It also describes the way in which oh can use transactions in message flows to accomplish certain tasks and results.A message flow consists of the following constituents parts: ; An input source ; The message flow or logic, which is defined by a sequence of nodes ; Zero or more external resources that are accessed during the flow ; Zero or more output target. 2. 2 Academic and Professional Public Speaking Skills Public Speaking can enhance your academic and professional skills. You will learn to be:- I. A persuasive and effective communicator; it. More confident and able to project a positive self-image to others; iii.More radical when analyzing arguments and information given to you; and lb. Able to respond appropriately to criticisms and arguments. 2. 3 Type of Audience Analysis The common division of audience into categories is as follows: a) Experts : These are people who know the theory and the product inside and out. They designed it, tested it, and know about everything about it. Often, they have advanced degrees and operate in academic settings or in research and development areas of the government and business worlds. ) Technicians : These are the people who build, operate, maintain, and repair the stuff that the experts design and theorize about. Theirs is a highly technical knowledge as well, but off more practical nature. C) Executive : These are the people who make business, economic, administrative, legal, governmental, political decisions on the stuff that the experts and technicians work with. D) Neocolonialists : These readers have the least technical knowledge of all. Their interest may be as practical as technicians, but in a different way. . 3. 1 Audience Analysis Audience, regardless of category, must also be analyzed in terms of characteristics such as the following: a) Background-knowledge, experience, training : One of your cost important concerns is Just how much knowledge, experience, or training you can expect in your readers. B) Needs and interests : To plan your document, you need to know what your audience is going to expect from the document. Imagine how readers will want to use your document; what will they demand from it. ) Other demographic characteristic : There are many other characteristics about your readers that might have an influence on how you should design and write your document e. G. Age groups, type of residence, area of residence, sex, political preferences, and so on. 3. PREPARING AN ORAL PRESENTATION Making yourself familiar with the setting in which the speech is to be made is one way to reduce panic attacks and minimize the risk of unexpected problems cropping up at the last minute. For instance, you should find out the exact location of the place where the presentation is to be held.Start off early for the place if it is in the midst of a traffic congestion area. If you arrive early, check weather you need to go up on stage to present your talk, and if there is a rostrum or not. Also check the public address system and the equipment that needs to be utilized. There is always the risk that the computer and the LCD projector might not function properly; find out how you can get in touch with the technicians who can assist you should this happen. You also need to know whether the speech will be held in a formal or informal setting.If it is formal, you would need to be appropriately dresses and very punctual; if it is not, then a certain amount of flexibility with respect to arrival time and dress code could perhaps be tolerated. 3. 2 The Audience Profiling the audience for your speech could be difficult but it may be worth your time to make the effort. Make enquiries about the audience, with respect to their gender, age, social, economic and educational backgrounds, prior knowledge, expectations, likes and dislikes, occupational backgrounds, place of residence, habits, personality etc. Basically, in order to create a connection between the speech and the audience, you need to ask yourself these basic questions: I. Whom will I be speaking to? It. What will I be speaking to? Iii. What do they want to know about the topic? lb. What do I want them to know at the end of the presentation? Once you know more about your audience, you can create speeches that are appropriate for them in arms of content, the language used and even style. For instance, a speech that is them in intended for school children would be different from one that is meant for businessmen.Unlike adults, school children are usually less able to handle content that is too abstract and language style that is indirect. The use of metaphors and symbolism may also be lost on school children. The style of your presentation should also be in tune with your audience. 3. 3 Determine The Purpose And Topic Once you know the occasion and location for your presentation, and the type of audience attending, you are ready to set the aims and objectives of the presentation. For instance, do you aim to convey, inform, relay, relate, influence, persuade, appease, encourage, motivate, illustrate, clarity or appeal?After determining the purpose, you can then set the topic. If your aim is to motivate, then you would need to come up with a topic that suits the purpose. Topics dealing with themes like procrastination, determination, endurance, not giving up hope, would be appropriate. The oral presentation must be structured in such a way so as to reflect clarity and smoothness. Bear in mind that your audience is a listening audience and not a reading one. They do not have the luxury of going back to information they may have missed or not comprehended.It is, therefore, important to frame your points systematically so that the paper is effectively delivered. 3. 4. 1 Why Structure is important You need to have a structure for the presentation because the audience cannot pay attention for a long period of the time and may find the presentation is difficult to follow if it is not systematically structured and organized. A good structure helps to capture and hold their attention. . 4. 2 Basic Procedures An oral presentation needs:- I. Introduction Inform the audience what they are going to listen to; it. Body Present the content of the presentation; iii.Conclusion Summaries the main points. The basic procedure is to present a lucid introduction, well-researched content and a comprehensive conclusion. 3. 4. 3 Main Idea It is advisable to limit the main ideas to between three and six only. Going beyond this number would attract boredom rather than improve attentiveness. The issue that need to be discussed within each main point should be reduced in scope, specially when there is a likelihood that the presentation would go beyond the time limit. For better comprehension and retention, the gist of what is to be conveyed should be spelt out clearly at the beginning of the presentation. Each of the main ideas should be properly introduced, arranged and concluded. 3. 4. 4 Sequencing of Main Ideas The sequencing of main ideas should be in a manner that makes it easy for the audience to follow. One way is to start from the easier to the more difficult, or from the known to the unknown. You can also opt to follow a time sequence. For example, oh can explain the progress of a nation by reporting first on the earliest development and ending with the latest development. The arrangement of the points can also follow a logical sequence. 3. 4. Outlining the Material The material collected can be put into certain categories based on the main ideas raised. There might be a need to create sub-ideas under each main idea. These sub-ideas should not be more than five to avoid confusion. The sequence should be clear and logical. Another way to developing a structure is by webbing or mapping. This provides the presenter with a clearer picture of what issues he wants to include, intent holistically. 3. 4. 6 Writing Out the Presentation After developing the structure, proceed with the writing process, which will be a lot smoother if you adhere to the outline.You already have most of the material ready. What is left now is to write up the points. These are two aspects that you should bear in mind when writing: a) Languages; b) Style. As mentioned earlier, the audience is listening to the presentation. This means that the language used for the paper/slides should be simple and not too complex: a) Words should be simple and comprehensible. B) Sentences should be short. ) Some ideas need to be repeated so that the audience would not be in doubt. D) Avoid clicks. E) Sentences constructed should be grammatically acceptable so that clarity and comprehensibility are the outcomes. With respect to the style, be as simple as possible. The style of writing an academic paper and speech is not the same. 3. 5 Visuals aids Visuals aids help to make a presentation more lively. They can also help the audience to follow your presentation and help you to present information that would be difficult to follow through speech alone. The two most common forms of visual aid re overhead transparencies (Outs) and computers slide shows (e. G. Power Point). Objects that can be displayed or passed round the audience can also be very effective and often help to relax the audience.Some speakers give printed handouts to the audience to follow as they speak. Others prefer to give their handouts at the end of the talk, because they can distract the audience from the presentation. 3. 6 Rehearsing The Presentation The key to effective and efficient use of time is rehearsal. Use a stop watch and rehearse, revise, rehearse, revise and rehearse until your presentation is within the target time limit. When you rehearse, do so manner similar to the actual presentation. Have an audience (imagination), stand up, and speak in the same volume you will use.Rehearse your presentation with the visual aids you will actually use during the presentation. Dont read the slides to your audience, but use them to guide and focus your audiences attention, reinforce your main points, and provide details. When possible, use a video or audio recorder and then critique yourself. Please dont be too critical; everyone sounds awful and/or looks absolutely horrible upon playback. 1 Introducing The Topic An important step when giving a speech or making an oral presentation is to audience to listen to the presentation or cue them in, so to speak. . 2 Presenting The Content When presenting the content, it is important to organism your presentation. The more time you spend on preparation, the more organized and coherent the content of your speech. For example, if you have been invited a month back to speak on Childrens Day, you have more time to prepare and a well-organized speech is expected. In contrast, impromptu speeches are those that people make on the spot without NY preparation. These speeches challenge us to think quickly and are a favorite teaching tool among teachers to get students used to speaking before a group of people. . 2. 1 A General Outline In gathering information about the topic, the first thing you should do is to find out how long you are to speak. Find out too, about the audience that you will be speaking to. Are they all adults (parents) or teenagers, or a mix of both? Then, gather the necessary information. It is good to outline what you are going to speak about. You can prepare the outline as below: a) Introduction of the topic ) Body of the talk: I. Definition of terms (if any); it. Describing the situation; iii. Points in favor; and v. Points against. C) Conclusion I.Summarizing the main points: and it. Concluding with an appeal, proposal, etc.. 4. 2. 2 The Actual Presentation Itself When making the actual presentation, bear in mind the following: dont slouch. B) Maintain eye contact with the audience. C) Greet the audience, and then start your presentation. D) Give an overview of what you are going to talk about. E) Try not to read from your notes. Talk to the audience instead. As prompts only. ) Stand straight, f) Use your notes g) As you speak, turn your head slowly to look at one section of the crowd before turning to another section. ) Pause between ideas. Dont rattle on at full speed. I) Speak with an even tone. Be load enough to be heard but do not shout. Similarly, dont talk to yourself, mumble or speak too softly. J) At the end, summaries what you have said. K) Then, thank the audience for being good listeners. L) Invite comments and participation. M) When its over, leave with a smile. Conclude the talk well. In concluding, there are two steps involved. A) First you would summaries the main points of your presentation or, at least, give a line that summarizes the presentation.This helps the audience to grasp what has been said. B) Second, thank the audience for being good listeners and smile as you leave. 4. 4 Tips For Effective Delivery When making an oral presentation, you must know your subject well and convince your audience that they have something to gain from listening to you. Here are some tips for effective oral presentation:- I (a) Bib prepared I Research your subject to ensure that you are knowledgeable. Practice your presentation I I I until you feel comfortable. Make sure you can present your information within whatever I I will have.